翻译部分主要考查考生在词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。
● 翻译部分共10道题。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉,要求考生把前面阅读理解文章中画线的5个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英,要求考生把5个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。
● 评分标准要求译文达意,无重大语言错误。
英译中
● 第一步:回到原文,阅读上下文; ● 第二步:分析句子,划分结构; ● 第三步:选择词义,适当调整; ● 第四步:校核原文。
例题:The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product. (Passage 1) (2019秋)
【考点】表语从句和定语从句的翻译
【解析】表语从句直接顺译即可,将be that …翻译为……是….”.定语从句将定语前置翻译为“….”,people who can manufacture a product翻译为“ 能够生产同一产品的人员”
【翻译】现在的结构是,我们可以在团队中组建小团队,在团队中安排能够生产同一产品的人员。
例题:You cannot live in the past,sd denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you. (2021春)
【考点】 动名词和宾语从句的翻译
【翻译】你不能生活在过去,所以,对你来说,否认可能发生的变化只能使事情更为复杂。
中译英
● 第一步:找主干结构,确定译文的主干架构; ● 第二步:翻译主干结构; ● 第三步:翻译次要成分并调整语序; ● 第四步:检查。
例题:正是他们昨天清扫的教室。(2020秋) 【翻译】It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. 【考点】强调句型
【解析】首先,句子开头的“正是”表示这是一个强调句,翻译成英文时用强调句型,即“it was/is .. that/who…”.其次,根据句意确定时态为一般过去时。最后,翻译时将时间状语置于句末。
例题:社区在控制病情方面发挥重要作用。 【翻译】 Communities play a key role in controlling the disease.
【考点】词组
原则: ● 翻译时既要忠实于原文,又要符合目标阅读者的习惯. ● 翻译不可太拘泥于形式。 ● 能够直译尽量不意译。 ● 翻译的过程应 该是先理解后表达。忠实”+“通顺”
常用句型
1.以it作形式主语的句型
以it 作形式主语的句型是英语中非常常见的句型。it 作形式主语可以代替不定式,动名词、从句等。
以下是几种常见的it 作形式主语的句型:
● It is important/necessary/possible for sb. to do sth./that …
……是重要/必需/可能的
● It has been (sometime)… since…
自……以来已经……
● It seems/sounds/appears/tastes/feels that …
看起来/听起来/看上去/尝起来/感觉起来……
● It takes sometime/money (for sb.) to do sth.
花时间/金钱做某事
● It is likely/unlikely that .……
有可能/不大可能……
● It is said/reported/supposed that …
据说/据报道/据猜测……
● It is …that…
是……/正是……(强调句型)
2.there 句型
最常用的 there句型就是 there be 句型,表示“有”, be 后的名词为真正的主语动词变化形式要跟真正的主语保持一致 例如:
● There is a television in the room .
房里有一台电视机。
● There are a few pictures on the wall.
墙上有几幅画。
另一个常用的 there 句型是“ there is / was no +动名词",表示“没法………"。
例如:
● There was no telling when he would be back .
没法知道他什么时候回来。
● He’s bad – tempered and selfish;there is no denying of it .
他脾气暴躁又很自私,这是不容否认的。
3.其他句型
● ( not ) as … as 跟……一样/不一样;不如
They build as many houses this year as last year.
他们今年建的房子和去年一样多。
● too .… to 太……而不能
This job is too difficult to be done by you.
这项工作太难了,你干不了。
●adj./adv. + enough to 足够
He is old enough to take care of himself.
他够大了,可以照顾自已了。
●no matter;whatever;however 不管,不论
No matter how difficult it is, I will not lose my confidence.
无论多么艰难,我都不会失去信心。
●the more…, the more .…越……越……
The farther away an object is from us, the smaller it looks.
物体离我们越远,看起来就越小
●so that;so … that 以便;如此……以至于………
Can you speak louder so that everyone can hear you ?
您能说话大声点好让每个人都听得见吗?
Go to bed early so that you can get up on time tomorrow.
早点儿睡觉,这祥明早你就能按时起床了。
He is so arrogant that nobody wants to talk with him.
他如此傲漫,以至于没人愿意跟他说话。
●in order to 为了,目的是…………
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他起得很早,为的是赶上第一班公共汽车。
●instead 而是
He didn’t go to school instead, he went to the cinema.
他没去学校,而是去了电影院。
● rather than 宁愿……也不……
I’d rather die free than live an enslaved life.
我宁愿自由地死去,也不愿意过被奴役的生活。
●as soon as …一……就……
As soon as he got his marks, he went to tell his parents.
他一拿到成绩,就去告诉父母。
●hardly…when;no sooner .… than … 一………就……
Hardly had I left the place when it blew up.
我刚离开,那个地方就爆炸了。
● not …until 直到……オ……
He didn‘t return home until late at night.
他直到很晚才回家。
●in case / otherwise / unless / or 以免/否则/除非
Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
带着伞,免得下雨。
●either…or ;neither.… nor 或者……或者……;既不……也不……
No matter what the final decision is, the result is either this way or the opposite.
不管最后决定如何,结果不是这样就是相反。
●not only .… but also 不仅……而且……
Not only does he play the piano, but he sings very well..
他不仅会弹钢琴,歌也唱得很好。
●used to do / be used to do / be used to doing 过去常常/用于/习惯于
I used to like painting.我过去喜欢画画。
The brush is used to paint.这把刷子是用来画画的。
I am used to painting a picture every day.我习惯了毎天画一幅画。
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