【国开学位英语】阅读理解方法详述,掌握后事半功倍!

2024-12-03 0 475

【国开学位英语】阅读理解方法详述,掌握后事半功倍!阅读理解是一种综合性的技能测试,它不仅要求考生具有较强的理解能力,还要求考生有一定的阅读速度。通常,影响阅读的主要因素有三个:词汇量、语法知识、背景知识.

阅读理解题一般可分为主旨题、细节题、推理题(观点题)和指代题。

主旨题

1-
答题技巧

主旨题——略读(Skimming) 又称浏览,是指跳过细节和不重要的描述与例子,进行快速阅读,以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想的方法。 2-
常见提问词汇

title(标题)、topic(题目)、passage(章节,段落)、message(主旨思想)、idea(看法,观点)、purpose(目的,意图)、inform(了解,影响)、discuss(讨论,论述)、concern(有关,关于,涉及) 3-
常见提问方式

What is the topic of the passage?(这篇短文的主题是什么?) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(下面哪一项最好地表达了短文的主题?) The main idea of the passage is…. (这篇短文的中心思想是…… ) Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?(下面哪一个句子最好地表达了短文的中心思想?) What does the passage mainly deal with?(这篇短文主要讲述了什么?) The best title of the passage is…(这篇短文最好的标题是 ……) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(下面哪一项是这篇短文最好的标题?) The title that best expresses the main ideais…(最能表达中心思想的标题是……) The main (primary) purpose of the passage is.(这篇短文的主要目的是……) 4-
样题解析

Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as a public service free of advertising. Now there is a collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as on demand content. There are six main channel owners w ho are responsible for most viewing.(2019秋) What is the best title of the passage? A. Advertising in the U.K. B. British TV. C. The BBC in the U.K. D.Independent Television
【考点】主旨题
【解析】从题干中可以看出本题考查的是文章的中心思想。从首段的第一句中,我们可以提取关键词Television broadcasting(电视)和United Kingdom英国)。略读全文后,我们知道通篇讲的是英国的电视服务,标题需要概括和浓缩.选项A是说英国的广告,选项C是说英国的BBC,选项D是说独立电视,均与文章内容不符.而选项B是说英国的电视,与文章内容相符。因此,正确答案是B.
细节题

1-
答题技巧

细节题——查读(Scanning) 是快速查找某一具体信息的阅读方法。 2-
常见提问词汇

when(何时), who(谁), where(何地),what(什么), how(如何), number(编号) 3-
常见提问方式:

According to the passage, when (where,why,how,who,etc.)…(根据这篇短文,何时…… ) Which is the real reason for…(哪一个是……的真正原因?)  The first paragraph describes detail…(第一段详细描述了…)  The author mentions(提到)all of the following EXCEPT…(作者提到了以下内容) 4-
样题解析:

In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to make arrangements for commercial television. This was opposed very strongly by the Labor and Liberal Parties, but the bill was passed and commercial television now flourishes. The Independent Television Act created an Independent Television Authority, which exercises general supervision. (2019秋)Who supported the act about the commercial television? A.The Labor Party. B. The Liberal Party. C. The Conservative Party. D. The Communist Party.
【考点】细节题
【解析】由题干中的commercial television可将本题定位至第三段第一句“In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to make arrangements for commercial television”.本句指出,保守党政府提出了设立商业电视的法案.选项A是说工党,选项B是说自由党,选项D是说共产党,均与文章内容不符.选项C是说保守党Conservative Party,与文章内容Conservative Government相符,因此,正确答案是C.
推理题

1-
答题技巧

推理题——细读(Reading for full understanding)是在找到文章中的有关部分以后,在此范围内逐句阅读,特别要对关键词或句仔细琢磨,以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。 2-
常见提问词汇

infer(推断)、imply(隐含,暗示)、suggest(暗指)、conclude(推断)、illustrate(阐释,说明)、seem(看起来)、impression(印象)、attitude(态度)、most probably(最有可能的) 3-
常见提问方式:

The author uses the phrase “…” to illustrate….( 作者用“………”这个词语来说明……) The passage/the author implies that…(这篇短文/作者暗指……) It can be concluded from the passage that…(从这篇短文可以得出结论……) Which of the following is the author’s view on…?(下面哪一项是作者对……的观点?) The author’s purpose of writing the passage is….(作者写这篇短文的目的是……) What is the author’s opinion?(作者的观点是什么?) How does the author feel about….?(作者对……怎么看?) We learn from the last paragraph that…(我们从最后一段得知 ……) 4-
样题解析:

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. (大纲样题)From the first sentence we can learn that middle-aged people_ A. have a better memory than before B. are smarter than before C. have a weaker memory than before D. have better mental clarity than before
【考点】推理题
【解析】题干已给出本题在文中的定位,可直接看第一第一句“As many people middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what used to be”.本句指出,人到中年,记忆力和脑力都大不如前。选项A是说记忆比以前好;选项B是说比以前更聪明;选项D是说头脑比以前更清晰;只有选项C说记忆力比以前弱,与原文意思相符。因此,正确答案是C.
指代

1-
答题技巧

指代题——细读(Reading for full understanding)是在找到文章中的有关部分以后,在此范围内逐句阅读,特别要对关键词或句仔细琢磨,以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。 2-
常见提问词汇:

mean(意味着,表示,打算)、refer to(提到)、meaning(意思) 3-
常见提问方式:

What does the word “….” mean in this passage?(“……”这个词在这篇短文中是什么意思?) From the passage, we can infer that the word“…”is…(从这篇短文中我们可以推断出“……”这个词是……的意思。) Which of the following does the word“….”in line… refers to?(第……行的“……”指的是下面哪一项意思?) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“…”?(下面哪一项与“……”这个句子的意思最接近?) 4-
样题解析:

Then there’s the poor transport network of these cities. Residents are unable to easily move from one part of the city to another due to unreliable and inefficient transport networks made up of minibuses, matatus which travel across these cities. The word matatus in Paragraph 5 probably means A. a kind of infrastructure B. a kind of vehicle C. a kind of network D. a kind of food
【考点】指代题
【解析】题干已经给出本题在文中的定位,可直接看倒数第二段最后一句话“inefficient transport networks made up of minibuses, matatus which travel across these cities”。I matatus 前面的minibuses意思是“小型公共汽车”,而which后的travel across these cities意思是“在城市中穿行”。由此可以猜出,matatus 同样是一种vehicle(交通工具).因此,正确答案是B.
总 结

《重视句子、段落之间的逻辑关系》

1、句子间的逻辑之分两种

相同(因果、递进)

相反(让步,转折)

小技巧:看见but、however、fortunately、yet等词,一定要“圈”出来。

转折之后肯定是重点!!!

用途:语义猜测题

2、段落间的逻辑也只分两种:相同或相反,后面的段落要么“顺着前面的内容”继续往下说,要么把“前面段落的内容”否定掉。

用途:主旨大意题

《重视单词的感情色彩》

1、落实每一个单词

在理解单词时,除了词义,应额外考虑2个维度

感情维度(褒/贬)

逻辑维度(肯定/否定)

2、单词的感情色彩分3类:褒义、贬义、中性

3、用途:做推理题,也就是作者的态度,一般而言

“积极是对的,消极是错的”

“中庸的是对的,太绝对的是错的”

《遵循细节服从主旨》

任何文章=论点(主旨)+论据(细节)。

小技巧:做任何题,当你犹豫不决时,一定要遵循“细节服从主旨”的解题思路;

“哪个选项与主旨大意最接近,最可能成为正确的答案”

《正确答案是比较出来的》

1、横向比较:选项与文章

正确答案往往是对原文信息的同义改写或总结归纳

2、纵向比较:在4个选项都有不太对的情况下,要在选项之间进行比较

判断标准:“文中强调的重点是什么!”

注:最佳选项不一定完美无缺,越是和文章一模一样的,越要注意。

因为正确的答案是对原文信息的改写总结,所以可能意思稍有偏移,一不小心就会步入陷阱。

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